Tour:

Plankton: microscopic giants

Tubulariid hydroid

Actinula larva.

Tubulariid hydroid

Actinula larva.

Taxa: Acharadria crocea
Size: visible
Place: Yacht Club de Ilhabela, Ilhabela, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, artificial substrate, benthic, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva

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Hydromedusa

Adult medusa.

Hydromedusa

Adult medusa.

Taxa: Liriope tetraphylla
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic

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Hydromedusa

Medusa adulta. A água-viva Olindias sambaquiensis é comum no litoral Sudeste, sobretudo nos meses de inverno e primavera. É conhecida dos banhistas pelo colorido vívido e pelos tentáculos urticantes.

Hydromedusa

Taxa: Olindias sambaquiensis
Size: huge
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: >100 mm, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic

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Hydroid and hydromedusa

Newly released medusa.

Hydroid and hydromedusa

Newly released medusa.

Taxa: Hebella furax
Size: tiny
Place: Saco Grande, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, benthic, cebimar-usp, dark field, epibiotic, jellyfish, planktonic, rocky-shore

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Hydromedusa

Taxa: Eucheilota paradoxica
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Newly released medusa

Taxa: Clytia linearis
Size: visible
Place: Pier Petrobras, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, benthic, cebimar-usp, dark field

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Hydromedusa

Taxa: Leuckartiara
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic

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Cubozoan

Adult medusa.

Cubozoan

Adult medusa.

Taxon: Carybdea brevipedalia, Carybdea mora
Size: visible
Place: Seto fishing port, Shirahama, Japan
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cnidarian tree of life project, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic, seto marine biological laboratory

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Scyphozoan

Medusa.

Scyphozoan

Medusa.

Taxa: Phyllorhiza punctata
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic

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Scyphozoan

Adult medusa. The juvenile stage the spider crab Libinia ferreirae can be seen inside the bell of the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna.

Scyphozoan

Adult medusa. The juvenile stage the spider crab Libinia ferreirae can be seen inside the bell of the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna.

Taxon: Libinia ferreirae, Lychnorhiza lucerna
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic, symbiosis

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Scyphozoan

Adult medusa

Scyphozoan

Adult medusa

Taxa: Mastigias papua
Size: visible
Place: Seto fishing port, Shirahama, Japan
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cnidarian tree of life project, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic, seto marine biological laboratory

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Zoanthina larva

The zoanthids have two types of larvae. The zoanthellas are cylindrical and have an ventral band of long cilia. The zoanthinas are oval or slightly elongated, with an equatorial band of cilia.

Zoanthina larva

The zoanthids have two types of larvae. The zoanthellas are cylindrical and have an ventral band of long cilia. The zoanthinas are oval or slightly elongated, with an equatorial band of cilia.

Taxon: Zoantharia, Zoanthidea
Size: huge
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: >100 mm, benthic, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, rocky-shore

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Brittle star larva

Taxa: Ophiuroidea
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Pluteus

Taxa: Lytechinus variegatus
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic

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Starfish bipinnaria larva

Taxa: Asteroidea
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Plankton

Vista geral de uma amostra de plâncton vivo, em estereomicroscópio.

Plankton

Vista geral de uma amostra de plâncton vivo, em estereomicroscópio.

Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Plankton

Vista geral de uma amostra de plâncton vivo, em estereomicroscópio.

Plankton

Vista geral de uma amostra de plâncton vivo, em estereomicroscópio.

Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Mysid shrimp

Taxa: Mysidopsis juniae
Size: visible
Place: Praia do Segredo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, bright field, cebimar-usp, demersal, planktonic

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Parasitized copepod

Taxon: Acartia, Isopoda
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, parasite, planktonic

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Copepod

Female

Copepod

Female

Taxa: Centropages velificatus
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Taxa: Copilia mirabilis
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Courtship ritual between a male and a female.

Copepod

Courtship ritual between a male and a female.

Taxa: Oncaea media
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic

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Copepod

Courtship ritual between a male and a female.

Copepod

Courtship ritual between a male and a female.

Taxon: Corycaeus giesbrechti, Onychocorycaeus giesbrechti
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Taxon: Acartia lilljeborgii, Acartia (Odontacartia) lilljeborgii
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Taxa: Thaumatopsyllidae
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Taxa: Macrosetella gracilis
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Copepod

Taxa: Calanopia americana
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Sergestid shrimp

Taxon: Belzebub faxoni, Lucifer faxoni
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Sergestid shrimp

Taxon: Belzebub faxoni, Lucifer faxoni
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Zoea larva

Taxa: Decapoda
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Mantis shrimp larva

Taxa: Stomatopoda
Size: none
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Ostracod

Taxa: Ostracoda
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Comb jelly or ctenophore

Adult specimen.

Comb jelly or ctenophore

Adult specimen.

Taxa: Bolinopsis vitrea
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, macrophotography, planktonic

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Holoplanktonic polychaete

Taxa: Tomopteris
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Bryozoan larva (cyphonautes)

One type of larva typical of bryozoans, cyphonauts spend weeks in the water column until settling on a substrate such as rocks or algae, undergoing metamorphosis into the adult form and creating a new colony.

Bryozoan larva (cyphonautes)

Taxon: Bryozoa, Ectoprocta
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Bryozoan coronate larva

Taxa: Watersipora subtorquata
Size: tiny
Place: Ponta do Jarobá, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, lecithotrophic, planktonic

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Chaetognath

Taxa: Flaccisagitta enflata
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Tintinnid with hyaline lorica

Taxon: Ascampbelliella aperta, Niemarshallia aperta
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic, unicellular

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Tintinnid with hyaline lorica

Taxa: Xystonellopsis heros
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic, unicellular

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Tintinnid with hyaline lorica

Variation on lorica shape.

Tintinnid with hyaline lorica

Variation on lorica shape.

Taxa: Favella ehrenbergii
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, mev, planktonic, unicellular

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Tintinnid with hyaline lorica

Taxa: Favella ehrenbergii
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic, unicellular

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Heteropod - marine free-swimming gastropod

Taxa: Atlanta peronii
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic

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Pteropod mollusk

Taxa: Limacina lesueuri
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Comb jelly or ctenophore

Taxa: Beroe ovata
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, macrophotography, planktonic

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Comb jelly or ctenophore

Adult specimen.

Comb jelly or ctenophore

Adult specimen.

Taxa: Mnemiopsis leidyi
Size: large
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, macrophotography, planktonic

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Comb jelly or ctenophore

Cydippid larva.

Comb jelly or ctenophore

Cydippid larva.

Taxa: Mnemiopsis leidyi
Size: visible
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cebimar-usp, larva, macrophotography, planktonic

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Megalopa larva

Taxa: Portunidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Pluteus larva of a sea biscuit

Taxa: Clypeaster subdepressus
Size: tiny
Place: São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, confocal, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Pluteus larva of a sea biscuit

Larva with six arms.

Pluteus larva of a sea biscuit

Larva with six arms.

Taxa: Clypeaster subdepressus
Size: tiny
Place: CEBIMar, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Tintinnid with agglutinated lorica

Taxa: Tintinnopsis tocantinensis
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, mev, planktonic, unicellular

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Tintinnid with agglutinated lorica

Taxa: Codonellopsis ostenfeldi
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, mev, planktonic, unicellular

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Peritrichian ciliate

Taxa: Vorticella oceanica
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, bright field, cebimar-usp, planktonic, unicellular

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Dinoflagelate

Taxa: Dinophysis
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, bright field, cebimar-usp, planktonic, unicellular

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Dinoflagelate

Taxa: Protoperidinium
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, bright field, cebimar-usp, planktonic, unicellular

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Dinoflagelate

Taxa: Balechina coeruleus
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, bright field, cebimar-usp, planktonic, unicellular

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Ciliate

Taxa: Hemicyclostina marina
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, bright field, cebimar-usp, planktonic, unicellular

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Hydromedusa

Taxa: Corymorpha bigelowi
Size: visible
Place: Shirahama, Japan
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cnidarian tree of life project, jellyfish, macrophotography, planktonic, seto marine biological laboratory

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Hydromedusa

Taxa: Laodicea undulata
Size: large
Place: Shirahama, Japan
Tags: 10 - 100 mm, cnidarian tree of life project, dark field, jellyfish, planktonic, seto marine biological laboratory

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Pelagosphaera larva

Denominadas pelagosferas, as larvas de muitas espécies de sipuncúlidos são transparentes e nadam livres na água por meses antes de se transformarem no adulto, que tem aspecto vermiforme e vive enterrado na areia ou lodo.

Pelagosphaera larva

Taxa: Sipunculidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Polychaete epitoke with egg mass

Taxa: Proceraea
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, dark field, planktonic

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Pilidium larva

Taxa: Nemertea
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Actinotroch larva

Most phoronids have indirect development, with the formation of a planktotrophic larva called actinotroch. Actinotroch larvae spend weeks in the water column before settling in the habitat of the adult, which includes both consolidated and unconsolidated substrates, depending on the species.

Actinotroch larva

Taxa: Phoronida
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Larva

Taxa: Magelonidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Tornaria larva

Taxa: Hemichordata
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Dinoflagelate

Taxa: Ceratium
Size: micro
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: <0.1 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, phytoplankton, planktonic, unicellular

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Dinoflagelate

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Crustacean larva

Taxa: Porcellanidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Spionid polychaete

6-chaetiger pelagic larva.

Spionid polychaete

6-chaetiger pelagic larva.

Taxa: Pseudopolydora rosebelae
Size: visible
Place: Praia do Sino, Ilhabela, SP, Brazil
Tags: 1.0 - 10 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Mitraria larva

Taxa: Oweniidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Planctonic protozoan

Taxa: Sticholonche zanclea
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, planktonic, unicellular

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Hydromedusa

Newly released medusa.

Hydromedusa

Newly released medusa.

Taxa: Ectopleura obypa
Size: tiny
Place: CEBIMar, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, jellyfish, planktonic

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Fish larva

Taxa: Teleostei
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic

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Veliger larva

Taxa: Gastropoda
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, Differential interference contrast, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Veliger larva

Taxa: Gastropoda
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Pelagosphaera larva

Taxa: Sipunculidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Larva

Taxon: Chaetopterus, Pristipomoides
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Larva

Taxa: Terebellidae
Size: tiny
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Larva

Taxa: Polynoidae
Size: none
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: cebimar-usp, dark field, larva, planktonic, planktotrophic

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Scyphozoan

Taxa: Chrysaora lactea
Size: huge
Place: Canal de São Sebastião, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
Tags: >100 mm, adult, cebimar-usp, jellyfish, planktonic

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Although generally small in size, planktonic beings are giants in stature. Basis of marine food chains, the plankton (Greek planktos, drifting) comprises a great diversity of uni- and multicellular organisms that live dispersed in water. This community is largely less than 0.01 mm to a few centimeters, but there are notable exceptions such as jellyfish and the Portuguese man-of-war, which tentacles can reach meters in length. Many swim well, but not enough to overcome the force of water. Therefore, they roam freely, being transported by marine currents.

In addition to being small, planktonic organisms are also transparent or translucent, and easily overlooked ― examining them requires the use of microscopes and special collecting devices, as several kinds of plankton nets. However, they are very abundant and reproduce with incredible speed. One liter of seawater can contain tens of thousands of these small organisms. Many of them are primary producers, i.e., perform photosynthesis, and are called phytoplankton. The phytoplankton, which includes several groups of "microalgae" that live only in the well-lit upper layer of oceans water, produces much of the atmospheric oxygen, and serve as food for a portion of the plankton unable to get energy directly from sunlight and that depends on it for survival, the zooplankton.

Besides feeding on phytoplankton, zooplankton species can consume bacteria and particulate organic matter. And, in turn, they serve as food for larger organisms, including other species of zooplankton, fish and even whales.

Many organisms spend all their life cycle in the plankton, such as both unicellular and invertebrate species: copepods, mollusks, crustaceans, polychaetes, etc. But the plankton community is also composed by the larvae of invertebrates and some fish whose adults inhabit the seabed or the water column (see the tour Marine larvae).

The plankters live in a physically different world than ours. In their environment, viscous forces prevail over their microscopic bodies, which have "difficulty" moving. To better understand this phenomenon, imagine yourself in a pool of molasses, in which it is only possible to swim or move any part of your body in slow motion. It is in this kind of environment that planktonic organisms obtain food and reproduce for millions of years.

Fact sheet

Number of images: 79
Creation date: Nov. 3, 2011, 11:28 p.m.
Last updated: Sept. 22, 2019, 2:54 p.m.
Contained taxa: Acharadria crocea, Magelonidae, Oweniidae, Polynoidae, Proceraea, Tomopteris, Pseudopolydora rosebelae, Terebellidae, Sipunculidae, Acartia, Acartia lilljeborgii, Acartia (Odontacartia) lilljeborgii, Centropages velificatus, Calanopia americana, Corycaeus giesbrechti, Onychocorycaeus giesbrechti, Oncaea media, Copilia mirabilis, Thaumatopsyllidae, Macrosetella gracilis, Decapoda, Libinia ferreirae, Belzebub faxoni, Lucifer faxoni, Porcellanidae, Portunidae, Isopoda, Mysidopsis juniae, Stomatopoda, Ostracoda, Bryozoa, Watersipora subtorquata, Flaccisagitta enflata, Teleostei, Zoantharia, Zoanthidea, Carybdea brevipedalia, Carybdea mora, Corymorpha bigelowi, Leuckartiara, Ectopleura obypa, Clytia linearis, Hebella furax, Laodicea undulata, Eucheilota paradoxica, Liriope tetraphylla, Olindias sambaquiensis, Lychnorhiza lucerna, Mastigias papua, Phyllorhiza punctata, Chrysaora lactea, Beroe ovata, Bolinopsis vitrea, Mnemiopsis leidyi, Asteroidea, Lytechinus variegatus, Clypeaster subdepressus, Ophiuroidea, Hemichordata, Gastropoda, Atlanta peronii, Nemertea, Phoronida, Balechina coeruleus, Chaetopterus, Vorticella oceanica, Ascampbelliella aperta, Niemarshallia aperta, Tintinnopsis tocantinensis, Codonellopsis ostenfeldi, Favella ehrenbergii, Xystonellopsis heros, Dinophysis, Ceratium, Protoperidinium, Sticholonche zanclea, Ectoprocta, Hemicyclostina marina, Limacina lesueuri, Pristipomoides
Contained tags: 0.1 - 1.0 mm, <0.1 mm, >100 mm, 10 - 100 mm, 1.0 - 10 mm, adult, artificial substrate, benthic, bright field, cebimar-usp, cnidarian tree of life project, confocal, dark field, demersal, Differential interference contrast, epibiotic, jellyfish, larva, lecithotrophic, macrophotography, mev, parasite, phytoplankton, planktonic, planktotrophic, rocky-shore, seto marine biological laboratory, symbiosis, unicellular